NANOELEKTRONIKA MATERIALLARI: KVANT "NUQTALAR", "IPLAR" VA "O'RALAR"
Abstract
Ushbu maqolada nanoelektronika sohasidagi eng muhim nanostrukturalar – kvant nuqtalar, kvant iplar va kvant o'ralarning xususiyatlari va ularning amaliy qo‘llanilish sohalari tahlil qilinadi. Kvant nuqtalar juda kichik yarimo‘tkazgich zarralar bo‘lib, optik va elektr xususiyatlarini o‘lcham orqali boshqarish imkonini beradi, bu esa ularni displey texnologiyalari va biotibbiy belgilovchilar uchun foydali qiladi. Kvant iplar faqat bir yo‘nalishda harakatlanishi mumkin bo‘lgan bir o‘lchamli strukturalar bo‘lib, sezuvchan sensorlar va nanoelektronika qurilmalarida keng qo‘llaniladi. Kvant o'ralar esa ikki o‘lchamda cheklangan va faqat bir yo‘nalishda harakatlanadigan nanostrukturalar bo‘lib, yuqori samarador LED va lazer diodlarda foydalaniladi. Mazkur nanomateriallarning o‘ziga xos kvant xususiyatlari ularning elektronika va optikada keng amaliyotga ega bo‘lishiga sabab bo‘lmoqda.
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