IMMUNOLOGICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF GINGIVITIS IN ADOLESCENTS
Abstract
Gingivitis is a prevalent periodontal condition among adolescents, characterized by gingival inflammation due to microbial biofilm accumulation. This study aims to elucidate the immunological and microbiological factors contributing to gingivitis in this age group. By analyzing specific bacterial profiles and immune responses, we provide insights into the pathogenesis of gingivitis, emphasizing the importance of early intervention and preventive strategies.
References
1.Periodontal Disease in Adolescents
2.Papapanou, P. N. (1996). "Periodontal diseases in the 21st century: A global perspective." Journal of Periodontology, 67(1), 22-30.
This foundational paper discusses the prevalence of periodontal diseases in adolescents, highlighting risk factors and the importance of early diagnosis.
3.Microbiological Factors in Gingivitis
4.Hajishengallis, G., & Darveau, R. P. (2012). "Periodontitis: A systemic disease that impacts overall health." Journal of Periodontal Research, 47(4), 517-526.
This study explores the microbial communities associated with periodontal diseases, emphasizing the role of specific bacteria in disease onset.
5.Immune Response to Oral Pathogens
6.Van Dyke, T. E., & Serhan, C. N. (2003). "Resolution of inflammation: A new paradigm for the pathogenesis of periodontal disease." Journal of Periodontology, 74(2), 334-344.
This article discusses the innate and adaptive immune responses in periodontal disease, focusing on the cytokine profiles associated with inflammation.
7.Hormonal Changes and Oral Health
8.Kauffman, M. A., & Kauffman, J. A. (2000). "Hormonal changes and the periodontal disease relationship." Dental Clinics of North America, 44(3), 611-628.
This review examines the effects of hormonal changes during puberty on periodontal health, including increased susceptibility to gingival inflammation.
9.Dietary Influences on Oral Microbiome
10.Marshall, T. A., & Stumbo, P. J. (2010). "The impact of diet on oral health." Nutrition Reviews, 68(3), 193-207.
This study addresses how dietary patterns, particularly sugar intake, influence the oral microbiome and contribute to periodontal disease.
11.Preventive Strategies for Adolescents
12.Lang, N. P., & Tonetti, M. S. (2003). "Periodontal disease: A global health challenge." Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 30(7), 487-491.
This article outlines effective preventive measures for periodontal diseases, emphasizing the need for education and regular dental care, especially in adolescents.
13.Cytokine Profiles in Gingivitis
14.Bostanci, N., & Mehle, S. (2006). "Cytokine levels in gingival crevicular fluid during periodontal disease." Journal of Periodontal Research, 41(5), 440-446.
This study investigates the relationship between cytokine levels in gingival crevicular fluid and the severity of gingivitis, providing evidence for inflammatory responses in periodontal disease.