TYPES OF EQUIVALENCE TRANSFORMATIONS: FORMAL, CULTURAL, FUNCTIONAL, DESCRIPTIVE, AND DYNAMIC EQUIVALENCE
Keywords:
Equivalence transformation, formal equivalence, cultural equivalence, functional equivalence, descriptive equivalence, dynamic equivalence, translation strategies, linguistic adaptation, cross-cultural translation, translation accuracy.Abstract
This article explores five major types of equivalence transformations in translation: formal, cultural, functional, descriptive, and dynamic equivalence. These strategies help translators maintain the accuracy and meaningfulness of the original text while adapting it to the linguistic and cultural context of the target audience. Formal equivalence preserves the structure and literal meaning, while cultural equivalence bridges cultural gaps. Functional equivalence ensures that the original message's intent is maintained, descriptive equivalence explains concepts without direct equivalents, and dynamic equivalence focuses on achieving the same emotional and functional impact on the target audience. Understanding and applying these equivalence transformations enables translators to produce effective and resonant translations.
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